Biodiversity sustains life on Earth, providing essential ecosystem services. However, it faces alarming threats from habitat loss, climate change, and overexploitation of natural resources. This chapter explores the evolution of global biodiversity conservation efforts, examining key biodiversity frameworks like the convention on biological diversity and the Kunming-Montreal global biodiversity framework. It also highlights the importance of protected areas, indigenous knowledge, and community participation while addressing challenges for its implementation. The chapter finally provides way forward for strengthening the global biodiversity frameworks that include community engagement, cross-sectoral collaboration, research and education, use of advanced technologies and harmonizing conservation with livelihood. By prioritizing inclusive policies and equitable benefit-sharing, the chapter envisions a transformative path to harmonize biodiversity conservation with human well-being for a resilient and sustainable future.