Forensic psychiatry and prison mental health in India intersect at the confluence of law, psychiatry, and human rights, presenting unique challenges in the country’s evolving legal and healthcare landscape. The rights and treatment of persons with mental illnesses are governed by India’s legal system, which has its roots in the country’s colonial past and is impacted by changing viewpoints from a global perspective. The chapter examines how forensic psychiatry in India is influenced by social structure, the legal system, and Indian mental health laws. It delves into the epidemiology of mental disorders in prisons, emphasizing the high burden of psychiatric morbidity, substance use disorders, and suicidality among inmates. It also looks at policy frameworks and legislative measures for mental healthcare in prisons, including the function of the National Human Rights Commission. Special forensic psychiatry issues like competency to stand trial, insanity defense, admission, and involuntary medication are discussed too. The chapter also identifies research gaps and discusses the role of a multidisciplinary approach, combining psychiatry, law, criminology, and public health, which is necessary to ensure comprehensive and humane mental healthcare for incarcerated individuals in India.