This study examines the challenges posed by small arms and light weapons (SALW) proliferation in Africa and explores disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) efforts as a strategy to achieve peace. SALW exacerbate intra-state conflicts, terrorism, and organized crime, impacting security and socio-economic development. Weak governance, porous borders, and limited regional cooperation hinder effective arms control. Initiatives like the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and Silencing the Guns Initiative aim to prevent conflict and promote sustainable peace through good governance and socio-economic development. Despite these efforts, challenges persist, including thriving illicit arms trade and implementation hurdles for DDR programs due to funding shortages and logistical complexities. Case studies from Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Mozambique analyze DDR program outcomes post-conflict. International organizations, NGOs, and local communities play crucial roles in supporting disarmament and fostering sustainable peace. Progress has been made in reducing SALW prevalence, but achieving lasting peace demands sustained political will and comprehensive strategies addressing arms trade dynamics. Addressing both supply and demand sides of the arms trade is essential. Overcoming challenges requires continued commitment and innovative approaches to make significant strides toward peace and development in Africa.