Natural resources are the cornerstone of industrial development and energy supply, and their pricing mechanisms are directly related to the stability of the global economy and the industrial competitiveness of various countries. With the increasing integration of the global economy and the constant changes in market demand, the pricing mechanisms for minerals have become increasingly complex. This chapter delves into the pricing mechanisms of 25 different types of minerals, categorizing them into four groups: common industrial metals, non-metallic minerals, rare minerals, and energy minerals. The common industrial metals include nine types of minerals, such as manganese, iron, and copper; non-metallic minerals include four types, such as phosphorus and fluorite; rare minerals include nine types, such as chromium, gallium, and beryllium; energy minerals include petroleum, natural gas, and steam coal. Through this classification, we can better analyze the market dynamics of each category of minerals and gain a deeper understanding of their market behavior and pricing mechanisms. In the analysis, this paper also introduces the challenges and issues faced by China’s mineral pricing power, aiming to provide decision support for policymakers and industry participants to cope with the uncertainties and challenges in the global mineral market.