Japan, China, and Korea are the three main countries utilizing acupuncture and moxibustion (acu-moxa) as a treatment modality effective for many diseases. The licensure system in these countries, however, differs in terms of acu-moxa and herbal medicine. In China and Korea, acu-moxa is practiced by Chinese medical doctors and Korean medical doctors, and they also prescribe herbal medicine. In Japan, on the other hand, both Western medical doctors and acu-moxa practitioners (鍼灸師) can practice acupuncture and moxibustion, and Western medical doctors can prescribe Japanese herbal medicine (Kampo medicines, 漢方薬), while acu-moxa practitioners cannot. Acu-moxa practitioners practice acu-moxa, and Kampo doctors (Western medical doctors who specialize in Kampo medicine) practice Kampo. “Kampo” in a broad sense means traditional Japanese medicine, including Japanese herbal medicine and acu-moxa.