Rice production in Kenya faces numerous challenges, including drought, cold damage, salinity, low-fertility soils, and blast disease. To address these biotic and abiotic stresses and boost rice production, the Rice Research for Tailor-Made Breeding and Cultivation Technology Development project was conducted from 2013 to 2018. This project aimed to establish a research base for breeding and cultivation technology development in Kenya. The objectives were to develop a rice breeding and evaluation system, characterize rice varieties to identify beneficial traits, develop breeding lines using beneficial genes/QTLs, identify challenges and technical solutions to enhance rice productivity, and identify the optimal conditions for effective gene/QTL expression through genotype × environment × management interaction analysis. Key outcomes included upgrading the research environment at KALRO Mwea, establishing evaluation systems for various traits, identifying useful breeding materials, developing promising breeding lines, and demonstrating technical improvement measures. Continued efforts after the project have led to the registration of new rice varieties in Kenya and the strengthening of the rice seed production system. This project also contributed to network building and human resource development. Future prospects include continuing variety improvement and cultivation technology development, incorporating cutting-edge scientific technologies, enhancing the research capacity at KALRO Mwea, and developing it as a hub for rice research talent in East Africa.