The aim of this study is to answer the question “what is the image that the Japanese high school students have of the Japanese society?” by having recourse to the facet exploration instead of a two-by-two classification scheme. The data were taken from a survey conducted in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, in 1988. I analyzed the responses from the high school students (the second-year students in the high schools and in the colleges of technology). To contrast the facet exploration approach with the traditional approach, I proposed a hypothetical two-by-two classification scheme of the words for describing the society, by crossing “individualistic/collectivistic” dichotomy and “positive/negative” dichotomy. I argued further that, by adopting the facet exploration approach, we might expect not only the discovery of a linkage between the individualistic image and the collectivistic image, but also the discovery of ambivalent attitudes. In the analysis, I employed an asymmetric multidimensional scaling technique called drift vector model, and a similarity measure called unilateral Jaccard similarity coefficient. Examining the facets observed in the configuration plot, I discovered linkages between the individualistic image and the collectivistic image of the society as well as an indication of ambivalent attitudes toward the society. The observed facets, however, were different from my tentative and exemplary predictions. I also discussed the methodological issues: a possible bias caused by respondents’ response style owing to the check-all-that-apply question format, the definition of dissimilarity, and the sensitivity of the MDS solution to the initial configuration.

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Facets in High School Students’ Image of the Japanese Society

  • Kunihiro Kimura

摘要

The aim of this study is to answer the question “what is the image that the Japanese high school students have of the Japanese society?” by having recourse to the facet exploration instead of a two-by-two classification scheme. The data were taken from a survey conducted in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, in 1988. I analyzed the responses from the high school students (the second-year students in the high schools and in the colleges of technology). To contrast the facet exploration approach with the traditional approach, I proposed a hypothetical two-by-two classification scheme of the words for describing the society, by crossing “individualistic/collectivistic” dichotomy and “positive/negative” dichotomy. I argued further that, by adopting the facet exploration approach, we might expect not only the discovery of a linkage between the individualistic image and the collectivistic image, but also the discovery of ambivalent attitudes. In the analysis, I employed an asymmetric multidimensional scaling technique called drift vector model, and a similarity measure called unilateral Jaccard similarity coefficient. Examining the facets observed in the configuration plot, I discovered linkages between the individualistic image and the collectivistic image of the society as well as an indication of ambivalent attitudes toward the society. The observed facets, however, were different from my tentative and exemplary predictions. I also discussed the methodological issues: a possible bias caused by respondents’ response style owing to the check-all-that-apply question format, the definition of dissimilarity, and the sensitivity of the MDS solution to the initial configuration.