Grapevine is a vital fruit globally produced for fresh consumption, as well as for raisins, juice, and wine production. The productivity and quality of grapevines are significantly influenced by the health of cultivated plants. Both yield and quality of production are significantly reduced by phytopathogens. Therefore, it is crucial to employ accurate diagnostic methods for pathogen detection and to choose the appropriate plant protection methods. Grapevines are vulnerable to various viruses due to vegetative propagation. In grapevine, various viral diseases belonging to different genera and families have been reported to date. Grapevine cultivation faces numerous challenges of viral diseases like grapevine leafroll virus (GLRaV), grapevine fan leaf virus (GFLV), rugose wood complex, and grapevine fleck disease (GFkD). Additionally, emerging diseases like red blotch disease, grapevine polerovirus 1 (GPoV-1), and others are affecting grapevines. Understanding the characteristics, genetic diversity, taxonomy, and diagnosis of such diseases is essential to devise effective disease management strategies. This chapter covers economically important viral diseases of grapevines worldwide, physical characteristics of viruses, genome structure and expression, taxonomic position, genetic diversity, diagnosis, geographical distribution, virus-vector interaction, transmission, and management. Diagnostic methods include symptomatology-based diagnosis, biological indexing, and molecular and serological assays. Biological indexing, employing various grafting techniques, is essential for certifying grafting material. Serological assays, such as ELISA, offer rapid screening methods like DAS and TAS. Molecular assays, including various PCR techniques like RT-PCR, multiplex RT-PCR, nested RT-PCR, and real-time PCR, provide higher sensitivity and advanced detection capabilities. Specific viruses like GLRaVs, GFLV, GRSPaV, GVA, and GVB are diagnosed by combined use of ELISA, RT-PCR, and newer techniques like ICA and RT-RPA. In integrated viral disease management strategies, prophylactic measures, cultural, chemical, biological, and sanitary approaches, along with vector control, are essential for reducing virus spread. Techniques like shoot tip culture, thermotherapy, and chemotherapy help to produce disease-free planting material, ensuring healthy vineyards and enhancing grape production.