Posterior lumbar interbody fusion and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) are mainly known as posterior approached lumbar interbody fusion techniques that have been widely used in lumbar degenerative disease. However, the conventional posterior approach has the disadvantages of causing relatively more intra- and postoperative bleeding, postoperative paraspinal muscle atrophy, and chronic low back pain because it is performed while damaging the posterior spinal musculatures. Accordingly, minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion techniques such as micro-endoscopic TLIF using tubular retractor and lateral lumbar interbody fusion have been developed, and recently, endoscopy-assisted lumbar interbody fusion has been implemented [1].