A Note on Alexander’s Battle at Massaga in the Country of Assakenoi, Lower Dir District

If the account of AlexanderAlexander’s battle at MassagaMassaga during his IndusIndus campaign is quite remarkable, it is even more confused and complex to understand and how delicate is the question of tracing the routes of his campaign and situating on a map the locations of his various assaults which he launched against the natives of the country. The many routes, events and localities mentioned by historians of Alexander have not yet been satisfactorily identified and their identifications so far seem mostly based on pure imagination.