International trade plays an active role in promoting regional economic growth. China has actively advocated and participated in numerous international organizations aimed at strengthening exchanges and cooperation with countries around the world. The diversity of its geographical location has provided rich opportunities for trade activities and economic growth. International trade can promote the optimal allocation of resources, the wide dissemination of technology, and the specialized division of labor in the economy, which in turn promotes the vigorous development of regional economies. An in-depth analysis of the impact of geopolitics and protectionism will help us better grasp the challenges faced in international trade and explore problem-solving strategies to promote closer cooperation and common development. Comparing the trade policies of different countries helps assess the effectiveness of each country in promoting international trade and regional economic growth, and then make constructive suggestions and recommendations to improve the trade environment. This chapter provides an in-depth discussion of the four dimensions of the theoretical underpinnings of international trade for geographic development, international cooperation organizations and institutions, geopolitics, and protectionism and comparative analyses of inter-country trade policies to provide a comprehensive introduction to the interrelationships and impacts of international trade, cooperation organizations, and regional development. The objectives of this chapter are as follows: 1. To master the theoretical basis of international trade in geographical development. 2. To understand international cooperation organizations and institutions. 3. To understand geopolitics, protectionism, and trade policies between different countries.