As globalization deepens, development disparities between and within developed and less developed countries and regions are exhibiting new characteristics. Development Geography has become essential for understanding these changes and the underlying mechanisms. Currently, regional development gaps are showing diverse features, and scholars are increasingly focusing on the convergence of regional socio-economic development. Long-term imbalances and steady-state stages coexist between economies and regions. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the dynamic evolution of regional development differences, convergence trends, and influencing factors to understand regional development disparities or convergence. This chapter reviews domestic and international literature on regional development convergence and integrates knowledge from economics, management, sociology, and geography. This chapter examines the convergence of socio-economic development regionally and globally in the context of globalization. The objectives of this chapter are as follows: 1. To analyze the key factors influencing the level and pace of regional economic development, with a particular focus on human capital investment, industrial development, and globalization. 2. To examine convergence models for regional economic development and explore the extent to which less developed regions can catch up with more developed ones over time. 3. To conduct empirical studies and analyze the relative and absolute differences in per capita income and GNI across different regions and countries, providing insights into the patterns and trends of regional economic development. 4. To identify policies and strategies that can facilitate the convergence process, enabling less developed regions to achieve sustainable and inclusive growth.