The Kendeng Mountains are an important element of the karst area, which is a fragile, vulnerable water resource for agriculture and households. The construction of a cement factory in the Kendeng Mountains is an example of the application of modernization theory to improve the economy and people’s welfare through the extraction industry. However, it is thought that, locally, this development will cause economic collapse and an ecological crisis. The government regards cement companies as an opportunity to improve the economy. The Samin people, however, believe the cement company will destroy the nature and water sources on which their livelihood depends. The Samin people adhere to the teachings of Saminism and their local wisdom consists in managing nature with spiritual values to meet their daily needs by cultivating crops or farming. The Samin community’s resistance has changed from a passive resistance movement to colonialism to an active form of resistance through taking to the streets, hearings, and legal channels. The present research uses a qualitative approach with literature studies and content analysis, and finds evidence of conflicts between the government, cement companies, and the Samin community.