Topological Quantum Computing: Majorana Fermions and Beyond
摘要
Topological quantum computing (TQC) represents a reliable approach to overcoming the fundamental approach obstacles faced by classical quantum computers, particularly in the paradigm of error handling and qubit manipulation. Quantum computers are known for their ability to solve complex problems which ordinary computers are not able to solve since quantum computers are highly susceptible to environmental noise and quantum decoherence. TQC comes in clutch in this situation by encoding qubits in the topological properties of certain quantum systems, rendering them inherently resistant to local disturbances. One of the most notable candidates for topologically protected qubits is the Majorana Fermion, a particle that can encode quantum information through braiding process which provides a natural resistance to errors.