Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an economically important crop for the food and biofuel industries. However, its production faces significant challenges due to the changing climate and the growing global population. Traditional breeding approaches for sugarcane varietal development typically require 12–14 years. Additionally, precise phenotyping in sugarcane is challenging due to its susceptibility to lodging and suckering, which are influenced by environmental factors and management practices. To overcome these challenges, modern biotechnological approaches are crucial for enhancing sugarcane productivity. Recent advancements in sequencing technologies provide new opportunities to reveal genetic variation in sugarcane and enhance conventional breeding through genomics-assisted breeding (GAB). Integrating conventional breeding with marker-assisted selection and genomic selection (GS) using high-density SNP markers can accelerate the breeding process, resulting in improved genetic gains. GAB is becoming increasingly effective due to advancements in large-scale mapping of quantitative trait loci, gene cloning, elite allele mining, and GS. As more comprehensive genomic datasets emerge, GAB is expected to accelerate crop improvement efforts significantly. This chapter explores the latest advancements in GAB in sugarcane and explored future directions for this promising approach.