This study explores the development of a comprehensive knowledge graph for Changzhou’s synthetic biology industry. Utilizing Neo4j and natural language processing, the research constructs a multidimensional network mapping key entities and their relationships within the industry ecosystem. This innovative approach provides unprecedented insights into the sector’s current state, identifying technological gaps and investment opportunities, particularly in downstream and midstream segments. The knowledge graph demonstrates significant potential for enhancing strategic decision-making for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers. By pioneering the application of knowledge graph technology in regional synthetic biology development, this work sets a new standard for industry analysis. It lays the foundation for future research on optimizing the synthetic biology industry, contributing to its sustainable growth and competitiveness.