Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) occupies a central place in cellular energy production, linking the tricarboxylic cycle with the electron transport chain (ETC). Dysfunction of SDH can trigger mitochondrial impairment and disruptions in ATP generation, leading to the onset of neurodegeneration. The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD) increases with age. Existing studies suggest that SDH in mitochondria play a key role in meeting high energy demands necessary for restoring brain tissue function. Therefore, SDH may act as a primary regulator in neuroprotection. This chapter presents recent findings on SDH activity and related pathways that may be critical for neuronal survival. Additionally, we explore the potential of SDH as a neuroprotective agent. SDH contributes significantly on cellular and mitochondrial function and helps maintain homeostasis of the body. Increased SDH activity regulate lipid accumulation in the brain and excitotoxicity signaling dependent neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, SDH may represent a promising therapeutic candidate to ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases and aging.