The problems caused by the recent development of modern civilization, such as environmental pollution, nuclear weapons, AI, to name only the most catastrophic, have brought humanity into crises that could result in its extinction. Human beings have been working hard to develop natural science, technology, economic programs, and more to serve the interests of human being. It is evident that all such developments are pointless if human beings are to be killed by whatever they have developed, and are developing. It is self-evident that the survival of the human being should always be placed over development. That is to say, we must bring whatever we have developed or are developing under control, so that it won’t pose a threat to the survival of human beings as a whole. It is high time for human societies to accept “survival first of the human race” as the most fundamental principle for all human activities, with which modern civilization could be critically reviewed and adjusted. For example, nuclear weapons owned by all nations should be destroyed, so that they cease to pose a threat anymore; strict rules may be imposed to govern AI, and so on. Capitalism, with its economic mechanism that has provided the impetus for development in all fields in the modern age, needs to be reviewed, qualified and adjusted. Indeed, with “survival first of the human race” as the most fundamental principle for all human activities, a new philosophy will also be required, one that can serve the modern civilization of human beings, and promote the future and security of the human race. Only after human survival is secured, can we say that the modern age has become mature.