Introduction
摘要
With the establishment of the market economy system, the grassroots social management system, which was primarily based on the unit system and supplemented by the street-residence system, gradually disintegrated. A community-based grassroots social management system, compatible with the market economy system, emerged. To address the potential social atomization and national integration difficulties following the disintegration of the “total society,” the state attempted to rebuild its “new channels” for connecting residents and linking the grassroots. This process is the process of building the state's penetration capacity and is also the process of the continuous downward shift of the focus of social governance. Consequently, communities gradually moved to the forefront of grassroots social governance, occupying a foundational position in social governance innovation, becoming the background field for the multi-subjects of grassroots governance to play their roles, and an important component of the “new channels,” playing a significant role in social integration. At the same time, constrained by the inertia of the unit system, initial conditions, and the orientation of building control order, communities evolved into highly administrative organizations in grassroots social management practice, becoming the second unit or unit second after the unit, with the government developing communities into “self-management, self-education, The initial intention of a “self-service, self-supervision” community of life is contrary. To correct the trend of community administration and address the longstanding issues of “excessive administrative integration and insufficient community autonomy capacity” that trouble the construction of grassroots social order, various regions are actively exploring internal governance structure innovation and system mechanism reorganization under the large framework of innovative social governance. Therefore, “innovating social governance and strengthening grassroots construction” has opened a new phase of community governance and service innovation in Shanghai.