Self-healing materials are transforming the landscape of structural engineering by enabling materials to autonomously repair damage, significantly enhancing durability, reducing maintenance costs, and extending service lifespans. This chapter delves into their applications in structural systems, covering polymers, concrete, composites, metals, and coatings. It examines intrinsic and extrinsic healing mechanisms, highlighting innovations such as self-healing concrete for infrastructure, fiber-reinforced composites for aerospace and automotive industries, and smart coatings for corrosion resistance. Environmental and economic benefits, including reduced material waste and energy efficiency, are discussed alongside challenges like scalability, cost, and efficiency. By exploring cutting-edge trends, such as nanomaterial integration and hybrid healing systems, this chapter emphasizes the transformative potential of self-healing materials in creating sustainable and resilient infrastructure while addressing global challenges in maintenance and durability.