This chapter delves into the revolutionary role of self-healing materials in enhancing the performance and longevity of energy storage systems, focusing on their application in batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and photovoltaics. The chapter begins by exploring the underlying mechanisms of self-healing in energy storage devices, including the repair of electrode materials, electrolytes, and coatings. It highlights the significant benefits of incorporating self-healing properties, such as improved cycle life, enhanced stability, and reduced degradation, thereby ensuring long-term reliability and sustainability of energy storage technologies. Key case studies are discussed, emphasizing their impact on lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and emerging battery chemistries, as well as supercapacitors and fuel cells. Additionally, the chapter investigates material compatibility challenges, cost-effective scalability, and potential integration with AI-driven smart monitoring systems. Finally, the chapter outlines future directions, including the integration of bio-inspired self-healing designs and the development of eco-friendly, biodegradable materials, signaling a shift toward more sustainable and efficient energy storage solutions. This comprehensive overview underscores the importance of self-healing materials in advancing energy systems and addressing the growing demand for durable, high-performance, and environmentally responsible technologies.