The Indian diaspora in the GCC nations offers one of the biggest pools of migrant workers. They are employed in different sectors like construction, information technology, finance and health. They play a major role in the socioeconomic and cultural profile of their host nations. At the same time, they still retain close connections with India. Despite their contributions, most of these Indian migrants face visa restrictions, labour rights challenges and vulnerable living. Therefore, there is a need for policy debates on diaspora welfare. In their host societies, identity negotiations and cultural assimilation are complicated phenomena that need to be accorded scholarly attention. Existing literature dwells on remittances or labour exploitation, and does not completely explore the diaspora’s agency, resilience, and long-term effects on India’s global standing. The current chapter thus explores the varied socioeconomic and cultural contributions of the Indian diaspora in the Gulf through the lens of the transnationalism theory and migration systems theory. The theory of migration systems describes the economic, structural and historical forces that are involved in establishment and maintenance of migration flows. The Transnationalism theory provides a theoretical approach to comprehend how migrants create contemporaneous relations between their home country and the host country. Hence, influencing the economy and culture of both the locations in important ways. This double lens provides holistic analysis through considering both the agency and structure in the process. The chapter reveals the evolving patterns of migration and points to the importance of the Indian diaspora in shaping economic, social and cultural regional development in the Gulf.