Space debris, also referred to as space junk or orbital debris, is the build-up of abandoned satellites, spent rocket stages, collision fragments, and other man-made objects in Earth’s orbit. Space exploration, satellite operations, and other space-based activities face significant challenges as the space industry continues to grow. This research paper explores the causes and effects of space debris, investigates the current mitigation techniques used to deal with the issue, and talks about the prospects for sustainable space activities in the future.