With the advancement in technology, traditional healthcare has evolved to provide improved and accurate diagnosis of critical diseases to save mankind. Traditional healthcare techniques are integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) for early prediction of disease so that proper and personalized treatment can be extended. In modern healthcare system, AI have either machine learning or deep learning techniques which provide quick and automatic solution for prediction of critical diseases such as mental illness, brain tumor, cardiovascular disorder at an early state. The application of machine learning and deep learning models for prediction and prognosis of these diseases has become an irrevocable part of medical treatment aimed at improving the subsequent therapy and management of patients. In this chapter, we have discussed the overview of various machine learning and deep learning techniques which are proposed to address the needs of the patient and provide medical aid at an early stage of the disease.