Environmental pollution is a never-ending global issue and with the recent progress in analytical chemistry, diverse types of organic and inorganic compounds from various industries are found in the environment which further impose a threat to the ecosystem and human health. Therefore, appropriate methodology is required to treat these contaminants and revive the polluted area. Wastewater treatment via physical, chemical, and biological are among the conventional methods available. However, the recent advancement found that enzymatic and microbial-based bioremediation is considered emerging and sustainable technology. Enzymes possess strong catalytic activity under mild reaction conditions with minimal energy consumption, efficient reaction rate at low concentration of contaminants, and reduce the generation of toxic by-products. However, microbes can metabolize carbon and nitrogen as the energy sources concomitant with decomposition of organic matter. These advantages make the bioremediation much greener, safer, and energy effective. Thus, enzymes and microbes have become important tools for practical application and rapidly gaining interest for the utilization in the environment. Moreover, the increasing use of biological components and the need for low reaction cost and mild reaction conditions are among the main forces behind the implementation of enzymes and microbial-based bioremediation. In this chapter, understanding the bioremediation process using various types of enzymes and microbes to treat different types of contaminants, integration of methods for wastewater treatment will be described in detail.