In this study, we examined the neural effects of the age-of-acquisition (AoA) of an object’s meaning and the word frequency of the object’s name during picture naming using fMRI. Our findings identified overlapping brain areas associated with these two effects, including the inferior frontal cortex, the supplementary motor area (SMA), and the left occipitotemporal cortex. This overlap suggests that the processes underpinning these effects are regulated by both AoA and word frequency. Spatially distinct areas were also identified. The involvement of the middle temporal gyrus in the AoA effect underscores its critical role in lexical-semantic processing or retrieval. The engagement of subcortical structures and the left inferior parietal cortex in the word frequency effect suggests its influence on the construction of lexical phonology. Furthermore, the study revealed different neural effects of word frequency on naming objects with early and late AoA. This differentiation may shed light on how the organization of conceptual content interacts with reading processes that are sensitive to word frequency.