Chapter 11 discusses two contemporary issues: green supply chain management and Industry 4.0. Green supply chain management aims to strike a balance between profit-making and environmental concerns. The chapter begins with an overview of green supply chain practices, ranging from green design to customer environmental collaboration and covering both internal management support and external industrial symbiosis. Three company applications (Nike, IKEA, and Apple) are discussed. In addition, three types of green supply chain configurations—open, closed, and third-party—are introduced. This is followed by an explanation of the association between green supply chains and ESG (environment, social, and governance). The second part of this chapter reviews industrial revolutions from Industry 1.0 to Industry 4.0, where the latter is often referred to as smart manufacturing. Business applications of the enabling technologies for Industry 4.0, including cyber-physical systems, IoT, cloud computing, 3D printing, big data analytics and visualization, augmented/virtual reality (AR/VR), mobile and wearable devices, artificial intelligence (AI), and cognitive manufacturing, are discussed. This chapter concludes with an introduction to Industry 5.0, which integrates human-centricity, resilience, and sustainability.