COVID-19 caused significant damage not only to the physical health of humans but to their mental health as well. The consequences of the pandemic included loss of lives, termination of employment, shutdown of businesses, a huge economic burden on the government, and much more. The impact of the pandemic that was caused by human negligence could have been reduced with strategic and effective governmental interventions. The entire game was dependent on the efficacy of the public health system of the nations. The pandemic not only exposed the fragile state of the public health system of most of the nations, including the developed ones, but also highlighted the long-term laid-back approach of the governments towards this sector. Furthermore, the lack of coordination between different levels of the government was also quite visible as the prominent reason behind the poor handling of the pandemic. The establishment of public trust was a challenge in most countries, which further worsened the situation. The pandemic gave strong leadership lessons to the governments across the globe and highlighted the tremendous efforts of some developing and comparatively smaller nations. India’s approach and vaccination diplomacy are noteworthy in this line. The chapter explores the approach and the ups and downs of a few developed nations during COVID-19. It also gives a brief overview of how India emerged as a global leader during the pandemic. The relationship between public health and governmental measures during COVID-19 has been broadly discussed in this chapter.