With the advent of deep learning, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field has been rapid. In this chapter, a clinical case in the field of neurosurgery is investigated, i.e., the applications of AI in neurosurgery and image diagnosis are introduced, and prospects for both fields are predicted. In neurosurgery, navigation systems which project the location of surgical tools to pre- or intraoperative MRI or CT are useful in facilitating tumor removal. In the navigation systems, AI is used for detecting the treatment site and type of surgical tool from the microscopic image and identifying the surgical process in the navigation system. In the image diagnosis, AI is used for tumor segmentation and predicting molecular diagnosis from preoperative MRI. In glioma resection, treatment strategy is depending on their molecular subtype. However, biopsy or surgery is needed to diagnose them.