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Hydrogen is widely regarded as a clean and highly efficient energy carrier that can be used for electricity generation through fuel cells due to its zero carbon footprint, which also makes it an attractive option in refineries for the processing and enhancement of fuels through hydrotreatment. There are plenty of hydrogen production methods, with catalytic steam reforming of ethanol being one of the most significant. This particular process is known for its high yield and typically occurs at high temperatures under heterogeneous catalysis conditions. The process of steam ethanol reforming includes secondary reactions that result in the production of different by-products, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and coke. The composition of these by-products directly correlates with the catalyst employed, highlighting the importance of carefully selecting catalyst that will not compromise the performance of the fuel cells. Metal oxides are mainly used as supports for the catalysts, with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) being the most common choice. Nevertheless, it has some disadvantages that can be restricted through the addition of other substances or the use of combined catalysts. Various noble metals, such as rhodium (Rh), ruthinium (Ru), paladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), rhenium (Re), gold (Au), and iridium (Ir) can be used as main catalysts, with Rh and Pd being the most effective of these, as well as various transition metals, most commonly nickelium (Ni) and cobalt (Co) due to their low cost and high selectivity. In addition to these metals, various metallic nanoparticles, such as cobalt nanoparticles, have started to emerge in research. Hydrogen production via catalytic steam reforming of ethanol is not flawless, and to enhance outcomes and mitigate any issues that may surface during industrial production, there has been a surge in global patent development and innovation, accompanied by extensive research efforts. This chapter aims to comprehensively analyze the current hydrogen production process and its applications.

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Hydrogen Production via Catalytic Steam Reforming of Ethanol

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Nikolaos C. Kokkinos,
  • Angeliki Chira,
  • Theodora Stoumbou,
  • Styliani Theodosaki

摘要

Hydrogen is widely regarded as a clean and highly efficient energy carrier that can be used for electricity generation through fuel cells due to its zero carbon footprint, which also makes it an attractive option in refineries for the processing and enhancement of fuels through hydrotreatment. There are plenty of hydrogen production methods, with catalytic steam reforming of ethanol being one of the most significant. This particular process is known for its high yield and typically occurs at high temperatures under heterogeneous catalysis conditions. The process of steam ethanol reforming includes secondary reactions that result in the production of different by-products, such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and coke. The composition of these by-products directly correlates with the catalyst employed, highlighting the importance of carefully selecting catalyst that will not compromise the performance of the fuel cells. Metal oxides are mainly used as supports for the catalysts, with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) being the most common choice. Nevertheless, it has some disadvantages that can be restricted through the addition of other substances or the use of combined catalysts. Various noble metals, such as rhodium (Rh), ruthinium (Ru), paladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), rhenium (Re), gold (Au), and iridium (Ir) can be used as main catalysts, with Rh and Pd being the most effective of these, as well as various transition metals, most commonly nickelium (Ni) and cobalt (Co) due to their low cost and high selectivity. In addition to these metals, various metallic nanoparticles, such as cobalt nanoparticles, have started to emerge in research. Hydrogen production via catalytic steam reforming of ethanol is not flawless, and to enhance outcomes and mitigate any issues that may surface during industrial production, there has been a surge in global patent development and innovation, accompanied by extensive research efforts. This chapter aims to comprehensively analyze the current hydrogen production process and its applications.