The chapter aims to provide an understanding of the experiences of inclusion from the viewpoint of those who are included following the adoption and implementation of policies of inclusion. Whereas previous research had drawn attention to the ‘experienced exclusion’ of people identified as ‘other’ or different, the present article considers the practicalities and experiences of governmental and social exclusion, even in an era of inclusion. By identifying a critical dimension of the nature of governing social life, the analysis directs us to consider the effectiveness and potential limitations of inclusion policies targeted at improving the lives of marginalized people, including those with disabilities. This, in turn, provides us with a unique and vitally important source of evidence to assess the nature and accuracy of the theoretical arguments presented at the outset of this discussion. One of the positive outcomes of the surveillance of non-disabled people has been a much more comprehensive understanding of the root nature of what is experienced as disabilities, both for those people with long-term health issues and impairments and those who, because of life circumstances, may be labeled as disabled. It is argued by many that what was previously regarded as a common ‘ordinary’ to the community has, with time and with the advancement of rights, become an internationally recognized standard for human rights. Therefore, access to full participation as a citizen is not only a legal requirement; it is something now formulated as a human right. This right is ratified by countries that are signatories of the International Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities. The Convention is one of the fastest in the international forum to be ratified by the United Nations and its members.

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People with Disabilities and the Marginalized Inclusion Policy Frameworks and Their Limitations

  • Wasswa Shafik

摘要

The chapter aims to provide an understanding of the experiences of inclusion from the viewpoint of those who are included following the adoption and implementation of policies of inclusion. Whereas previous research had drawn attention to the ‘experienced exclusion’ of people identified as ‘other’ or different, the present article considers the practicalities and experiences of governmental and social exclusion, even in an era of inclusion. By identifying a critical dimension of the nature of governing social life, the analysis directs us to consider the effectiveness and potential limitations of inclusion policies targeted at improving the lives of marginalized people, including those with disabilities. This, in turn, provides us with a unique and vitally important source of evidence to assess the nature and accuracy of the theoretical arguments presented at the outset of this discussion. One of the positive outcomes of the surveillance of non-disabled people has been a much more comprehensive understanding of the root nature of what is experienced as disabilities, both for those people with long-term health issues and impairments and those who, because of life circumstances, may be labeled as disabled. It is argued by many that what was previously regarded as a common ‘ordinary’ to the community has, with time and with the advancement of rights, become an internationally recognized standard for human rights. Therefore, access to full participation as a citizen is not only a legal requirement; it is something now formulated as a human right. This right is ratified by countries that are signatories of the International Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities. The Convention is one of the fastest in the international forum to be ratified by the United Nations and its members.