The importance of this review article is that it provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the field of adsorbents derived from bentonite clays for the removal of chromium and arsenic contaminants from various sources. The review provides a mini-review of the latest achievements in the field of synthesis and development of adsorbents obtained from bentonite clays. By summarizing various modification methods, structural characteristics, and methods for evaluating performance characteristics used in the development of adsorbents, the review provides an idea of modern approaches to improving the efficiency, selectivity, and environmental friendliness of adsorption. By clarifying the physicochemical processes governing adsorption, the review expands our understanding of the interaction of pollutants with adsorbents and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the characteristics of adsorption and technical design. Finally, the review identifies gaps, challenges, and opportunities for further research and innovation in the field of adsorbents derived from bentonite clays. By identifying knowledge gaps, methodological limitations, and unresolved issues, the review facilitates further research aimed at solving critical research issues, improving the characteristics of adsorbents, and promoting sustainable remediation technologies. As a result, we can say that this review article plays a key role in promoting scientific knowledge, informing about technological innovations, and making scientifically sound decisions in the field of environmental restoration. By summarizing recent achievements, existing knowledge, and identifying gaps and opportunities for further research, the review contributes to ongoing efforts to reduce chromium and arsenic pollution and protect human health and the environment.