Unveiling Ruanghiak: A Case Study on the Birth of the New Script of Ruangmei Naga of North East India
摘要
Most communities adopt or borrow writing systems from neighboring societies for their linguistic needs. There are a few instances where some societies design and develop their own script. This paper identifies Ruanghiak, one such indigenously designed script of the Ruangmei Naga tribe of Tamenglong, Manipur. Ruanglut is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Ruangmei people, and they currently use Roman script in schools where Ruanglat is taught as a Modern Indian Literature subject in Manipur. The paper undertakes an ethnographic approach by visiting Tamenglong, Manipur, to understand and document the Ruanghiak and the stakeholders involved in the design and development of Ruanghiak. The methodology used in this paper is a methodology constructed from Type 1 of Design Research Methodology. The research was conducted during the ongoing ethnic conflict in Manipur, and this paper deconstructs the Ruanghiak and its origin. It found that Ruanghiak was a collective design product of Gaikhuanlung Gangmei and self-taught typeface designer Jaojian K. Gangmei. Two versions of Ruanghiak were collected as manuscripts from two different timelines, 2014 and 2022, respectively. The grapheme of Ruanghiak was traced and transliterated in this paper. The paper also provides information about the existence of a writing system among the Nagas, which was designed by Haipou Jadonang and is called “Hgnampuihiak,” which dates to 1928 and is found in Rani Gaidinliu’s notebook, and Laokainang’s Naga script or Nagahiak of 1957. This paper deconstructed the origin of Ruanghiak to create further scholarly interest for design researchers to intervene.