Even though there is huge evidence on the association of vitamin D with the onset, progression, and treatment of various diseases and health maintenance, deficiency of this quintessential micronutrient, i.e. vitamin D, is very common. Originating as a key source by exposure to sunshine and partly from dietary sources, a large proportion of the population suffers from vitamin D deficiency. It is associated with the treatment and etiopathogenesis of various disorders such as hypertension, cancer, autoimmune diseases, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, rheumatoid arthritis, and type I diabetes. In addition, the widely prevalent deficiency of vitamin D delineates consideration of its prevention and management through public health strategies such as generating awareness among people and healthcare professionals, implementation of widespread policies such as fortification of staple food, supplementation, and dietary diversity.