Influenced by the global epidemic, health promotion and quality of life have become hot issues worldwide. Colleges and universities must play a more active role in promoting the construction of “Healthy China” and accelerating the implementation of college students’ physical health promotion. This paper aims to explore the “health-first education implementation mechanism” and “capability optimization of personnel training for health management in colleges and universities”, and reveals the path of promoting life education in college classes as well as the teaching practice of prioritizing the cultivation of students’ “self-health management ability”, starting from which the study analyzed the differences in health demands, health management and health behaviour strategies among contemporary college students by adopting a combination of methods that include experimentation, investigation and mathematical statistics. The results demonstrate that college students in the same stage of growth with similar lifestyles but different health levels, athletic abilities and physique conditions need more accurate health education guidance and more systematic physical fitness intervention paths; the influence of the previous “stereotyped” physical education classes on students’ physical fitness intervention can no longer meet their expectations, and the classroom teaching should be carried out under the concepts of “comprehensive healthcare” and “full life cycle health management”, instead of focusing on the field of a single subject; the teaching experiments compared and found that there were significant differences in the health needs of students, and that the focuses of “health-first teaching implementation content” used in and after classes vary. Based on the above analyses, reform practices are carried out to provide a theoretical basis for colleges and universities to optimize personnel training for health management, thus being consistent with major national strategies.