According to the communication requirements of differentiated power service scenarios such as emergency support, infrastructure management and control, and equipment inspection, it is crucial to optimize the allocation of satellite communication resources and improve the utilization rate of satellite communication resources. Aiming at the wide coverage, large transmission capacity and high speed of high-throughput satellites, a high-throughput satellite communication system architecture for power business needs is constructed, a multi-beam downlink satellite communication system model is built, and channel interference is reduced and resource utilization is improved through frequency multiplexing and non-orthogonal multiple access technologies. The efficient matching algorithm and quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm are used to optimize the number of sub-channel access users and power allocation under the condition of limited system resources, so as to improve the network coverage and transmission reliability of the system. The simulation results show that the utilization rate of high-throughput satellite resources has been effectively improved.