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Bio-nanohybrids (BNHs) have proven significant potential in various sectors. In the energy sector, they contribute to energy conversion and storage processes, while in food packaging, they offer antimicrobial properties. In biomedicine, BNHs enable targeted drug delivery, and in addition they enhance nutrient delivery and crop protection. A substantial role of BNHs is proven in the removal of harmful metal ions, dyes, and organic contaminants from water, owing to their enhanced adsorption and catalytic capabilities. These bio-nanohybrids naturally feature biomaterials such as cellulose, chitosan, and alginate. Due to large surface area, enhanced catalytic activity, film-forming capacity, activated functionalities, and high adsorption potential present bio-nanohybrids as bioremediation agent. BNHs also bear potential in renewable energy. For example, the integration of bacteriorhodopsin proteins and synthesized nanomaterials develop nano-biohybrids, comprising potential for solar energy harvesting. Nanobiohybrid-based, bio‐solar cells preserve potential as a green and biocompatible energy source for biodevices. Though, the use of BNHs in environmental applications poses some challenges like nanoscale descriptions of BNHs, the complex interactions between biological and nanomaterial components, and long-term behavior in dynamic conditions. However, it has been challenging to predict how BNHs will advance over time and to evaluate the potential risks like change in microbial community or the presence of secondary pollutants. There are efficiency concerns, primarily related to adsorption and catalytic properties of BNHs, depending on factors like functional groups, surface area, and porosity. For controlled and efficient BNH synthesis, innovative technologies like bio-fabrication and self-assembly are emerging, to address these challenges. Biofabrication involves biological processes to produce BNHs, and the properties of the synthesized hybrids depend on the selection of microorganisms capable of producing specific enzymes. BNHs offer novel solutions to challenges across various industries, supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable practices.

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Trends, Challenges, Limitations, Way Forward, and Future Prospects of Bio-nanohybrids

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Rabia Liaquat,
  • Hassan Anwer,
  • Infa Ahmad,
  • Aqsa Shujah

摘要

Bio-nanohybrids (BNHs) have proven significant potential in various sectors. In the energy sector, they contribute to energy conversion and storage processes, while in food packaging, they offer antimicrobial properties. In biomedicine, BNHs enable targeted drug delivery, and in addition they enhance nutrient delivery and crop protection. A substantial role of BNHs is proven in the removal of harmful metal ions, dyes, and organic contaminants from water, owing to their enhanced adsorption and catalytic capabilities. These bio-nanohybrids naturally feature biomaterials such as cellulose, chitosan, and alginate. Due to large surface area, enhanced catalytic activity, film-forming capacity, activated functionalities, and high adsorption potential present bio-nanohybrids as bioremediation agent. BNHs also bear potential in renewable energy. For example, the integration of bacteriorhodopsin proteins and synthesized nanomaterials develop nano-biohybrids, comprising potential for solar energy harvesting. Nanobiohybrid-based, bio‐solar cells preserve potential as a green and biocompatible energy source for biodevices. Though, the use of BNHs in environmental applications poses some challenges like nanoscale descriptions of BNHs, the complex interactions between biological and nanomaterial components, and long-term behavior in dynamic conditions. However, it has been challenging to predict how BNHs will advance over time and to evaluate the potential risks like change in microbial community or the presence of secondary pollutants. There are efficiency concerns, primarily related to adsorption and catalytic properties of BNHs, depending on factors like functional groups, surface area, and porosity. For controlled and efficient BNH synthesis, innovative technologies like bio-fabrication and self-assembly are emerging, to address these challenges. Biofabrication involves biological processes to produce BNHs, and the properties of the synthesized hybrids depend on the selection of microorganisms capable of producing specific enzymes. BNHs offer novel solutions to challenges across various industries, supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable practices.