The growing interest of biomimetic materials and bionanohybrids which exhibit better functional and structural properties is offering more researchers of different fields including nanoscience, materials science, and life science to work in this area. Results of these materials provide remarkable opportunities in different applications such as nanotechnology, agriculture, pharmacy and medicine, biotechnology, engineering, and others. In this chapter, elucidative examples of assemblies between biological origin-based materials and inorganic nanomaterials of different properties like particle size, structure, and texture are provided. A general overview about the, strategies of preparation and identification of bionanohybrids, effects which evaluate the final characteristics of these properties and their diversified applications, with focus on the use of these materials for the removal of pollutants for wastewater treatment, is explained in detail.