Accountability Conflicts and Bureaucrats’ Working Effort
摘要
Although accountability is a “chameleon-like” and “ever-expanding” concept, there is a basic agreement that it revolves around answerability toward significant others who have a legitimate claim to demand an account (Mulgan, 2000; Romzek & Dubnick, 1987). This conceptualization assumes a clear principal-agent relationship, highlighting the importance of controlling bureaucratic agents and ensuring their answerability (Willems & Van Dooren, 2012). When there is a single or limited number of account holders, the expectations imposed on the bureaucracy can be defined more clearly, making it easier to ensure answerability to its primary principals.