One paramount concern in the study of administration is the control of bureaucrats. Questions such as “are bureaucrats accountable,” “are bureaucrats responsive,” and “who, or what controls their behavioral choices” remain salient and fundamental. Some scholars argue that bureaucrats should be subjected to top-down control to manage their discretion, while others believe that internal motivation is crucial, advocating for the granting of discretion to help them adapt policies to local conditions. This chapter begins by exploring various viewpoints on the rationality of the bureaucracy and the motivation hypothesis of bureaucrats, which results in differing preferences for bureaucratic control approaches.