Polymeric materials play a crucial role in textile finishing, offering multiple functionalities such as mechanical resistance, durability, and comfort. The chapter focuses on natural and synthetic polymers, including chitosan, lignin, pectin, gelatin, alginate, polyurethane, polyvinyl cholride, polyacrylics and silicones and fabrication techniques like coating, exhaust method, pad-dry-cure, padding, drying and curing. It highlights how these polymers greatly improve the practical and aesthetic qualities of textiles. In-depth, the inherent qualities of these polymeric compounds, such as their durability, elasticity, and adaptability, contribute to the development of textiles with outstanding functional attributes. The chapter highlights various applications of polymeric finishing for flame retardant, drug delivery system, wound healing, antimicrobial, water repellent, hydrophobic and antistatic properties. Furthermore, the discussion focuses on relevant difficulties linked to the incorporation of polymeric materials, such as compatibility problems and environmental factors, while suggesting approaches to overcome these barriers. This chapter provides a detailed assessment of the progress and difficulties in using polymeric materials for textile finishing.