Mechanical finishing techniques play an important role in current industrial textile processes due to their extensive use in improving textile performance, appearance, texture and functionality. The technique involves physical (mechanical) processes to modify the textile structure and surface, enhancing the fabric’s functionality and aesthetic appeal without the need for chemical treatments. Driven by the increasing demand for specialized treatments, enhanced functionality as well as sustainable finishing of textiles, the field of mechanical finishing has seen significant advancements in recent years. The push for sustainable textile processes further boosted the advancement of mechanical finishing techniques as eco-friendly alternative to chemical finishing. Mechanical finishing techniques reduces the reliance on synthetic and toxic chemicals, minimize water and energy consumption, thereby minimizing environmental impact and promoting responsible manufacturing practices in textiles. As the industry continues to innovate, mechanical finishing remains a critical component in producing textiles that meet the evolving needs of both consumers and industries. This introductory chapter will present a general overview of various mechanical finishing techniques in textile, their principles as well as recent progress and prospects. Historical development of mechanical finishing techniques in textiles, mechanical forces for different mechanical finishing techniques, and emerging applications and potential challenges in mechanical finishing has also been discussed in this chapter.