The transition to a sustainable energy future is heavily reliant on green hydrogen, a renewable energy carrier with immense potential to decarbonize hard-to-electrify sectors such as heavy industry, maritime shipping, and long-haul transportation. Alkaline electrolysis, a mature and cost-effective method for hydrogen production, utilizes renewable energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. This technology's scalability and efficiency are critically influenced by the materials used for electrodes and catalysts, which govern key parameters such as conductivity, catalytic activity, and durability in alkaline environments. Recent advancements in electrode and catalyst design offer transformative opportunities to enhance performance, reduce energy losses, and lower the costs associated with green hydrogen production. This mini-review explores state-of-the-art developments in alkaline electrolysis materials, highlights novel innovations, and discusses the challenges and prospects for optimizing these materials to scale up sustainable hydrogen production.