Biomass offers numerous advantages, such as low pollution, abundant availability, and renewability. It ranks as the fourth-largest global energy source by total consumption, following coal, oil, and natural gas, with an estimated resource equivalent to about 85 billion tons of standard coal (Dessbesell et al. in Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 123, [1]). As the only sustainable organic carbon source currently available, biomass is considered the most promising alternative to fossil fuels for energy and chemical production. Utilizing biomass not only decreases dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions but also fosters sustainable development in agriculture and industry, leading to job creation. However, the biomass sector faces challenges like technological efficiency, supply of raw materials, and production costs. Nevertheless, advancements in technology and supportive policies are paving the way for broader commercial applications in biomass energy and chemicals. This sector has the potential to make significant contributions to global energy transition and sustainable development efforts.