Urban areas have gradually developed alongside human civilization. In primitive societies, humans lived in caves, trees, or other communal arrangements without permanent settlements. With the advancement of productivity, human society gradually established fixed settlements with functions such as military defense, religious worship, and commodity exchange, giving rise to cities.

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Introduction

  • Weiwen Zhang,
  • Yongping Zhang

摘要

Urban areas have gradually developed alongside human civilization. In primitive societies, humans lived in caves, trees, or other communal arrangements without permanent settlements. With the advancement of productivity, human society gradually established fixed settlements with functions such as military defense, religious worship, and commodity exchange, giving rise to cities.