In the realm of pharmaceutical research, ocular drug delivery presents the most. The physiological hurdles, especially the intricate intraocular tissue layers that hinder drug penetration into the anterior and posterior compartments of the eye, remain the fundamental impediment to the oversight of drug delivery to the eye. The targeted delivery and therapeutic utility of pharmacologically valuable molecules, which are otherwise limited by conventional approaches, could potentially be improved by integrating nanotechnology into drug delivery research. Recent developments in nano-assisted drug delivery systems deployed in ophthalmology have brought noteworthy advances in the delivery of small to large molecules across the eye. Because of their distinct features, such as size and surface modifications, nanocarriers foster controlled drug release and improve permeation across ocular barriers, enabling efficient delivery to specific eye locations. The development of novel nano-based drug delivery systems with an eye toward potential clinical translation has been the focus of relentless research. Such developments have brought about an array of nanovehicles for ocular use, ranging from solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, niosomes, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoemulsions, and micelles. This chapter sets forth the latest findings of preclinical research around novel nano-based systems for various ocular uses and offers a glimpse of the nano-based drug products that are being approved by regulatory bodies and being explored in clinical trials for the treatment of ocular diseases.