The human eye is a complex organ responsible for the sense of vision, allowing the perception of light, color, and depth. It is composed of multiple structures that work in concert to capture light, convert it into neural signals, and transmit these signals to the brain for interpretation. The eye being a specialized organ, the homeostasis is maintained by integration of the anatomical features with various physiological processes within each part of the eye. In this chapter, the eye is explored in terms of its key components, including the cornea, lens, retina, optic nerve, lacrimal functional unit, and supporting muscles, its structural and functional importance, and how they work together to enable vision. Understanding ocular anatomy and physiology is critical for the effective management and prevention of ocular diseases, underscoring the importance of eye health in overall well-being.