Plant growth regulators (PGRs) include both natural as well as synthetic substances that regulate plant growth and development. The use of PGRs in vegetable production has gained tremendous interest in recent years as these can improve crop growth, productivity, quality, and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. This chapter reviews the role of PGRs in the production and postharvest physiology of vegetables. This chapter starts with a discussion of distinct types of PGRs, such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene, as well as their roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. This chapter delves into the specific effects of PGRs on different vegetable crops including tomato, cucumber, pepper, eggplant, and others. For instance, gibberellins have been shown to improve fruit set and size of tomato and cucumber, while cytokinins have been found to delay senescence and improve postharvest quality of leafy vegetables like lettuce and spinach. The chapter also discusses challenges associated with the use of PGRs in vegetable production, such as environmental pollution, toxicity, and resistance development. It then explores the influence of PGRs on postharvest physiology. Overall, the chapter highlights the potential of PGRs in improving vegetable production and postharvest quality. It emphasizes the need for careful selection, application, and monitoring of PGRs to ensure their safe and effective use in vegetable production and postharvest handling.