Barriers to the implementation of warehouse management platforms (WMPs) in Vietnam’s logistics systems significantly affect the efficiency of operations and, consequently, the overall economy of the country. This study aims to identify and analyze the key barriers to WMP adoption, quantify their impact levels, and explore the cause-and-effect relationships between them. Neutrosophic sets (NS) are applied to rate and assess experts’ responses, allowing for greater precision in handling uncertainty and ambiguity in expert judgments. Barriers are initially identified through a comprehensive literature review and validated using the NS DELPHI technique. The Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (NS DEMATEL) method is employed to establish relationships and weigh the significance of these barriers. The results highlight several critical barriers to WMP implementation, including regulatory compliance, lack of skilled labor, and cybersecurity risks. It is recommended that policymakers and logistics firms prioritize addressing these barriers to enhance the efficiency and competitiveness of Vietnam’s logistics sector.