Human health is influenced greatly by the gut microbiome, and it also influences the development of chronic diseases such as metabolic diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and colorectal cancer. Recent studies show that the gut microbiota has a major impact on human metabolism and can be linked to many symptoms of metabolic syndrome. A cluster of metabolic disorders involving central adiposity with accumulation of visceral fat, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, dysglycemia, and abnormal blood pressure levels collectively known as metabolic syndrome. We have discussed in this chapter novel studies exploring the role of gut microbiota and how it is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. We have also discussed about how dietary strategies might modulate the gut microbiome, validated through clinical research. This chapter addresses about fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a potentially beneficial treatment for many illnesses along with its associated risks and challenges. Additionally, we highlighted recent research focusing on Clostridium difficile infections and dietary changes that affect the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome is also discussed in detail. FMTs are useful in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infections, a condition brought on by a disturbance of the normal microbiota. In order to address problems associated to the gut microbiome, this chapter discusses prospective therapeutic approaches, such as FMT, and offers a basis for understanding the role of gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome.